When it comes to optimal performance and function, including posture, nothing is as important as achieving the proper balance between stability and mobility of joints. Mobility is defined as the range of motion within a given joint. Stability is defined as the strength and integrity of a given joint. Without simultaneous mobility and stability it is impossible for a joint to function optimally. For instance at the glenohumeral joint (shoulder), lack of mobility will result in limited range of motion and an attempt to retrieve some motion from adjacent joints (the scapula for instance). A lack of stability, as is seen with rotator cuff weakness, often evidences as pain or weakness of the joint. The example above is just that--an example. These principles hold true for every joint!
One of the most interesting concepts related to stability/mobility that I've come across is the way the body alternates stability and mobility within the joints. Check this out:
foot (stable)
ankle (mobile)
knee (stable)
hip (mobile)
lumbar spine (stable)
thoracic spine (mobile)
I could keep going with all the joints in the body, try it out for yourself! The key here is that we need to train each of the joints according to the way they were designed. Train ankle to be mobile enough that the knee doesn't have to pick up its slack.
I understand this is a fairly technical concept but I feel it is essential to designing a program based around function. Cheers!
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